out of the harpsichord and Forte Piano

Invention of the piano

Prototype of the modern piano, by Cristofori in Italy
Is said to have produced.
Instrument at the time, was called "out of the harpsichord and Forte Piano".

Cristofori
Is a musical instrument manufacture, and repair the instruments of the Medici family collection
Bartolomeo Cristofori was also the instrument house repair.
Instruments of the Medici family in the inventory was compiled in 1700,
There is a description of the new instrument was invented by Cristofori,
Become the prototype instrument of the piano,
Is estimated at the end of the 1690s and had been produced.


Silbermann
This revolutionary invention of Cristofori, however,
In Italy where he lives has not been much attention.
In Italy at the time, piano (harpsichord) is
Is considered the instrument accompaniment of vocal music,
Which had not been given a position as a solo instrument yet.
Meanwhile, the name Cristofori has become a place also known in Germany,
Instrument makers attempt to model the technology of production as he appears.
Gottfried Silbermann is.
Silbermann house, the family had been active primarily as an organ production,
Gottfried also one of them, and clavichord already
Was working on a musical instrument, such as D'amour Chenbaru.
Italian singers who have been invited to Berlin,
Cristofori instruments transported to Germany, Gottfried, perhaps
Why had the opportunity to actually touching the instrument of reputation.
He. On the other hand to inherit the action of Cristofori,
There was an expression manually, such as adding the functionality of the pedal,
Has also been an attempt of their own.
The height of its production technology, also observed at the time of Frederick the Great,
The king ordered that a lot of instruments to Silbermann.
JS Bach was the interaction with him already, the instruments of Silbermann also 試奏,
Has pointed out problems such as "weak high-frequency",
The instrument was improved lap, are reportedly also gave him a big praise prefix.
Gottfried Silbermann is, in Germany
It is open to a page of the history of piano manufacture.

The road to modern piano

If anything, the piano of Cristofori and Silbermann,
While the instrument was located in the middle of the harpsichord and clavichord,
Generation of disciples of Silbermann is active in Austria and the United Kingdom
In the late 18th century, was closer to the modern piano
Piano Forte's production becomes prosperous.
However, the range is still narrow, the body is also slender,
It should be noted continued improvement of the forte-piano well into the 19th century.


Forte-piano
Piano Forte is not a robust steel frame like the modern piano,
Have a body of the tree, resulting in a much lighter weight.
Whereas a 88-key piano is generally modern, about the key 60 to 70
Have remained in the range of about five octaves, hammer-minute small
Touch is light, mellow tone is.
Forte-piano feature, as indicated by its very name,
Piano in the place (weak sound) is freely and Daseru (strong sound) Forte.
This instrument, Haydn and CPE Bach even when viewed from this point,
Composers such as Mozart and for,
Keyboard instrument was the latest alternative to the harpsichord.
They gradually, would like to compose a work to consider the fortepiano.

Completion of the piano "Vienna formula"

Forte-piano makers in Vienna,
Inherits the action of Stein,
Will produce a soft light of their own distinctive sound.

Stein fortepiano
In 1777, the Mozart of the mother and the developing of Mannheim trip, to Paris,
Keyboard instrument makers of Aukusuburugu
Visited the workshop of Johann Andreas Stein.
He wrote to his father, in a tone that excited the impression of the instrument,
Sonata K.284 in D major, but especially your own,
Apparently "sounded as good as no comparison."
Stein is not only to reduce the weight of the hammer this time already,
Is brought into contact directly with no intermediate lever and hammer keyboard
Has devised an action expression "jump",
Mozart was playing piano forte,
Was the instrument is no need to press the key as strong as before.
Stein, then reverse the direction of the hammer,
To complete the "Viennese action" so-called.
This action method is, to the makers of Vienna
It is said been taken over.


Walter fortepiano
On the other hand, when I was particularly like the era of Mozart in Vienna,
Anton Walter fortepiano is.
Walther in 1790
Obtained the title of the "house organ production and production instruments with the court",
To establish itself as the best producer of Vienna.
He, or use a capsule made of brass (the axis of rotation of the hammer unit),
(A device to prevent the hammer out twice) back-check mechanism
And or improvement, and shall further massive instrument of Stein,
Forte-piano was also possible representation of Virtuoso.
In addition, Walter Stein and a light heavy
The instruments of production is located right in the middle Ferdinand Hoffman,
Due to its unique soft sound gently Vienna,
Can not be ignored as is the presence of this era fortepiano.